If the id is conscious, as Solms believes it is, then where and what is ‘the unconscious’? And likewise, how does the theory of a conscious id change our conception of repression? And what are the implications of this change for psychoanalytic technique? In this presentation, Dr. Solms will address these three questions in turn, while trying to forge an integrated view of the ‘conscious’ and ‘unconscious’ in psychoanalysis and cognitive neuroscience, two disciplines that have studied these fundamental mental things extensively but which seem to mean quite different things by the words.